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Vocabulary
| Character | Pinyin | English |
|---|---|---|
| 八个阶段 | bā ge jiēduàn | eight phases (PN) |
| 古代中国 | gǔdaì Zhōngguó | ancient China (N) |
| 神奇的东海 | shénqí de Dōnghǎi | the magical “Eastern Seas” (NP) |
| 对徐福的研究 | duì Xú Fú de yánjiū | studies of Xu Fu (NP) |
| 中国正史 | Zhōngguó zhèngshǐ | Chinese standard histories (N) |
| 起起落落 | qǐqǐ luòluò | ups and downs |
| 四个高潮 | sìgè gāocháo | four “high tides” (N) |
| 明朝 | Míng cháo | Ming dynasty (1368-1644) (PN) |
| 晚清 | wǎn Qīng | the late Qing dynasty (PN) |
| 对日抗战时期 | duì Rì Kàngzhàn shíqī | the period of the War of Resistance against Japan (N) |
| 从1979年至今 | cóng 1979 nián zhìjīn | from 1979 to the present |
| 倭寇 | Wōkòu | Wokou (Japanese pirates) (PN) |
| 侵略 | qīnlǜe | to devastate, ruin (V) |
| 东亚沿海 | Dōngnán yánhǎi | coastal region of East Asia |
| 单方的行动 | dānfāng de xíngdòng | unilateral action (N) |
| 建设性和毁灭性 | jiànshèxìng hé huǐmiéxìng | constructive and destructive (N) |
| 第一个现代外交任务 | dì yīgè xiàndaì waìjiāo rènwù | first modern diplomatic mission (NP) |
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