Steven PHILLIPS
Portrait of Anson Burlingame.
As an American diplomat in China in the 1860s, Anson Burlingame advocated expanding commerce and promoting Christian missionary efforts. After retiring from public service he became an advisor to the Qing court. With the Burlingame-Seward Treaty of 1868, he helped forge one of the least-humiliating agreements, which in part welcomed Chinese immigrant labor to the United States, in China’s unequal treaty era.
Anson Burlingame shaped relations between
