Treaty of Tianjin (Tiānjīn Tiáoyuē 天津条约)|Tiānjīn Tiáoyuē 天津条约 (Treaty of Tianjin)

Alan BAUMLER

One of the most important of the “unequal treaties,” the Treaty of Tianjin developed as an outcome of the Second Opium War (1856–1860) and greatly expanded foreign rights and foreign control over the China coast.

The Treaty of Tianjin, signed in June 1858, was the chief diplomatic outcome of the Second Opium War (1856–1860, also called the Arrow War). Actually four separate Tianjin treaties were written with England, France, United States, and