Laozi (Lǎozǐ 老子)|Lǎozǐ 老子 (Laozi)
James D. SELLMANN Historical wood-block print of Laozi. Laozi is the name of the foundational text of Daoist philosophy and
WANG Fuzhi (Wáng Fūzhī 王夫之)|Wáng Fūzhī 王夫之 (WANG Fuzhi)
Yamin XU Wang Fuzhi (1619–1692) was one of the most important scholars of the Ming–Qing period whose pragmatic philosophies of
Confucius (Kǒngzǐ 孔子)|Kǒngzǐ 孔子 (Confucius)
James D. SELLMANN Wood engraving of Confucius (or Kong Fuzi [Grand Master Kong], 551–479 BCE). The teaching of the philosopher
SAUMA Rabban (Lièbān Sǎomǎ 列班扫马)|Lièbān Sǎomǎ 列班扫马 (SAUMA Rabban)
Peter C. PERDUE Less well-known than his contemporary Marco Polo, Rabban Sauma was a Christian Uygur monk who traveled in
Mozi (Mòzǐ 墨子)|Mòzǐ 墨子 (Mozi)
James D. SELLMANN The philosopher Mozi and the school he founded offered a popular alternative to Confucian teachings. Mozi was
GU Yanwu (Gù Yánwǔ 顧炎武)|Gù Yánwǔ 顧炎武 (GU Yanwu)
Yamin XU As a founding father of the school of Evidential Inquiry, Gu Yanwu abandoned the approaches of the Song